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 +
 +
= Allgemein =
 +
 +
* Orte
 +
** /var/snap/lxd/common/lxd/storage-pools/default/containers
 +
 +
= Installation =
 +
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
 +
/etc/sysctl.conf:
 +
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
/etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
 +
</source>
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
network:
 +
  version: 2
 +
  renderer: networkd
 +
  ethernets:
 +
    enp0s31f6:
 +
      addresses:
 +
        - X.X.X.X/32 # IP vom SERVER
 +
        - 0x00:0x0:0x:0000::0/64
 +
      routes:
 +
        - on-link: true
 +
          to: 0.0.0.0/0
 +
          via: XX.XXX.XX.XX
 +
      gateway6: fe80::1
 +
      nameservers:
 +
        addresses:
 +
          - 213.133.XX.XX
 +
          - 213.133.XXX.XXX
 +
          - 213.133.XXX.XXX
 +
          - 2a01:4f8:X:X::add:XXXX
 +
          - 2a01:4f8:X:X::add:XXXX
 +
          - 2a01:4f8:X:X::add:XXXX
 +
  bridges:
 +
    vmbr0:
 +
      addresses: [ X.X.X.X/28 ] #IP von der Bridge
 +
      parameters:
 +
        stp: false
 +
        forward-delay: 4
 +
 +
 +
</source>
 +
 +
 +
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
 +
netplan apply
 +
 +
 +
apt install lxd
 +
 +
 +
adduser nc
 +
adduser lxd
 +
adduser nc lxd
 +
 +
lxd init
 +
# /media/data/serverconf/lxd.yaml
 +
 +
 +
config: {}
 +
networks: []
 +
storage_pools:
 +
- config:
 +
    source: /dev/md2
 +
  description: ""
 +
  name: default
 +
  driver: zfs
 +
profiles:
 +
- config: {}
 +
  description: ""
 +
  devices:
 +
    eth0:
 +
      name: eth0
 +
      nictype: bridged
 +
      parent: vmbr0
 +
      type: nic
 +
    root:
 +
      path: /
 +
      pool: default
 +
      type: disk
 +
  name: default
 +
cluster: null
 +
 +
 +
</source>
 +
 +
= Befehle =
 +
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
lxc list
 +
lxc profile list
 +
lxc network list
 +
lxc storage list
 +
lxc image list images:
 +
lxc image list images: |egrep focal| egrep amd64
 +
lxc image list
 +
</source>
 +
 +
== Festplatten/Container Größe anzeigen ==
 +
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
lxc storage list
 +
lxc storage volume list default
 +
lxc storage info default
 +
zfs list
 +
lxc info $containername
 +
zfs list -t snapshot
 +
</source>
 +
* https://discuss.linuxcontainers.org/t/how-to-check-lxd-container-size-and-how-much-space-they-are-tacking/4770/3
 +
 +
== Backup Script LXD Container mit Rsync ==
 +
 +
* erstelle ein backup der mysql datenbanken der container
 +
* erstelle snapshot
 +
* rsync die container festplatten
 +
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
#!/bin/bash
 +
today=$(date "+%A")
 +
month=$(date "+%B")
 +
echo ""
 +
echo $0
 +
date
 +
echo
 +
backupPath='/media/ancdata/2024backup'
 +
backupPathRsyncBackup='/media/ancdata/2024backup/rsyncOld'
 +
mountPath='/media/snapshot'
 +
 +
 +
for container  in `lxc ls -c ns --format=csv|grep RUNNING|cut -f1 -d,`; do
 +
        echo ""
 +
        echo "* backup $container"
 +
        date
 +
        echo "** DB"
 +
        lxc exec $container -- /usr/bin/mysqldump --all-databases | gzip > $backupPath/backup.$container.sql.gz
 +
        cp $backupPath/backup.$container.sql.gz $backupPath/backup.$container.$month.sql.gz
 +
        mv $backupPath/backup.$container.sql.gz $backupPath/backup.$container.$today.sql.gz
 +
 +
        echo "** Container"
 +
 +
 +
        lxc snapshot $container
 +
        snapshotPath=$(zfs list -t snapshot | grep anc | tail -n 1 | awk '{print $1}')
 +
        mkdir -p $mountPath
 +
        mount -t zfs $snapshotPath $mountPath
 +
        mkdir -p $backupPath/$container
 +
        rsync -ahb --stats --delete --numeric-ids $mountPath/* $backupPath/$container/ --backup-dir=$backupPathRsyncBackup
 +
        umount $mountPath
 +
        rmdir $mountPath
 +
 +
done
 +
 +
echo ""
 +
echo -- stop
 +
date
 +
echo ""
 +
</source>
 +
 +
* https://pieterbakker.com/how-to-backup-lxd-containers-to-a-remote-host-with-rsync/
 +
 +
== in den lxd container dateien oder verzeichnisse kopieren (anders geht nicht!!! Permission denied) ==
 +
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
lxc file push -r dir  containername/var/www/
 +
lxc file push file.txt  containername/var/www/
 +
</source>
 +
 +
* container spezifisches
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
* login
 +
lxc exec containername -- su --login root
 +
* mount
 +
zfs mount default/containers/containername
 +
</source>
 +
 +
== Begrenzungen ==
 +
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
lxc config set ancontainer  limits.cpu 0,3
 +
lxc config set ancontainer limits.memory 1GB
 +
 +
# Überprüfen
 +
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor
 +
free -h
 +
</source>
 +
 +
= Container =
 +
 +
== Container Installation ==
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
lxc launch ubuntu:20.04 ubuntu2020
 +
lxc list
 +
lxc exec ubuntu2020 -- su --login root
 +
</source>
 +
 +
== Container Netzwerk ==
 +
 +
* /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml mit nach folgendem ersetzen
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
network:
 +
  version: 2
 +
  ethernets:
 +
    eth0:
 +
      addresses:
 +
        - 192.168.0.247/32
 +
      routes:
 +
        - to: 0.0.0.0/0
 +
          via: 192.168.0.1
 +
          on-link: true
 +
      dhcp4: no
 +
      dhcp-identifier: mac
 +
      nameservers:
 +
        addresses: [8.8.8.8]
 +
</source>
 +
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
exit
 +
lxc stop ubuntu2020
 +
lxc list
 +
lxc start ubuntu2020
 +
</source>
 +
 +
= Migration lxc Container zu lxd Container =
 +
== Migrations Skript ==
 +
 +
* mit lsb_release -a kann mensch im original container noch mal schauen, was für ein betriebsystem überhaupt installiert ist
 +
 +
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
#!/bin/bash
 +
if [ "$1" == "" ]; then
 +
echo Beispiel: $0 containername betriebsystem
 +
exit 1
 +
fi
 +
 +
if ! [ -d "/var/lib/lxc/$1" ] ; then
 +
        echo /var/lib/lxc/$1 existiert nicht!
 +
        exit
 +
fi
 +
 +
if [ "$2" == "" ]; then
 +
 +
echo Beispiel: $0 containername betriebsystem
 +
echo lxc image list images:
 +
echo es wird ubuntu:20.04 genomme
 +
        besys='ubuntu:20.04'
 +
else
 +
        besys=$2
 +
fi
 +
 +
echo $0 $1 $besys
 +
 +
CONTAINER_NAME=$1
 +
STORAGE_POOL=default
 +
STORAGEPATH=/var/snap/lxd/common/lxd/storage-pools/${STORAGE_POOL}/containers/
 +
 +
lxc-stop -n ${CONTAINER_NAME}
 +
lxc init $besys ${CONTAINER_NAME} -c security.privileged=true -c boot.autostart=true
 +
#lxc stop ${CONTAINER_NAME}
 +
#lxc config set ${CONTAINER_NAME} boot.autostart true
 +
###
 +
# zfs list
 +
## Benutze NAME z.B default/containers/ncsync
 +
zfs mount default/containers/${CONTAINER_NAME}
 +
#verschiebt den orginalen rootfs
 +
mv ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}/rootfs{,.org}
 +
rsync -ah --stats --progress  --numeric-ids /var/lib/lxc/${CONTAINER_NAME}/rootfs ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}/
 +
mv ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}/rootfs/dev{,.org}
 +
rsync -ah --stats --progress  ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}/rootfs.org/dev ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}/rootfs/
 +
rm -r ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}/rootfs.org
 +
umount ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}
 +
#sed -i 's|lxc.start.auto = .*|lxc.start.auto = 0|g' /var/lib/lxc/${CONTAINER_NAME}/config
 +
lxc config set ${CONTAINER_NAME} volatile.eth0.hwaddr $(grep lxc.net.0.hwaddr /var/lib/lxc/${CONTAINER_NAME}/config | cut -d"=" -f2)
 +
lxc config show ${CONTAINER_NAME}
 +
#lxc-ls -n ${CONTAINER_NAME} -f
 +
lxc start ${CONTAINER_NAME}
 +
 +
lxc stop ${CONTAINER_NAME}
 +
lxc config set ${CONTAINER_NAME}  security.privileged false
 +
lxc start ${CONTAINER_NAME}
 +
 +
lxc stop ${CONTAINER_NAME}
 +
lxc config set ${CONTAINER_NAME}  security.privileged true
 +
lxc start ${CONTAINER_NAME}
 +
 +
lxc stop ${CONTAINER_NAME}
 +
lxc config set ${CONTAINER_NAME}  security.privileged false
 +
lxc start ${CONTAINER_NAME}
 +
 +
lxc list
 +
</source>
 +
 +
== Weitergehende Möglichkeiten==
 +
<source lang=bash>
 +
lxd sql global "Select * FROM storage_pools"
 +
lxd sql global "Select * FROM profiles_devices_config"
 +
# Zum Beispiel könnten Storages so umbenannt werden (evtl keine gute Idee!!!! )
 +
lxd sql global "UPDATE storage_pools SET name='newname' WHERE name='oldname';"
 +
lxd sql global "UPDATE profiles_devices_config SET value='newname' WHERE value='oldname' AND key='pool';"
 +
 +
 +
# Datenbank Tabellen und Inhalte
 +
lxd sql <local|global> [.dump|.schema]
 +
 +
lxd sql global  ".dump" >lxcinfo.txt
 +
lxd sql global  ".schema" >lxcschema.txt
 +
 +
</source>
 +
 +
https://lxd.readthedocs.io/en/latest/database/
 +
 +
== Probleme ==
 +
* irgendwie mit symlinks
 +
 +
* http://www.panticz.de/migrate-lxc-container-to-lxd-with-zfs-storage
 +
 +
= Quellen =
 
* verwendete links
 
* verwendete links
 
** https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/install-lxd-on-ubuntu-20-04-lts-using-apt/
 
** https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/install-lxd-on-ubuntu-20-04-lts-using-apt/

Aktuelle Version vom 12. September 2024, 21:10 Uhr

Allgemein

  • Orte
    • /var/snap/lxd/common/lxd/storage-pools/default/containers

Installation

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
/etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1





/etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp0s31f6:
      addresses:
        - X.X.X.X/32 # IP vom SERVER
        - 0x00:0x0:0x:0000::0/64
      routes:
        - on-link: true
          to: 0.0.0.0/0
          via: XX.XXX.XX.XX
      gateway6: fe80::1
      nameservers:
        addresses:
          - 213.133.XX.XX
          - 213.133.XXX.XXX
          - 213.133.XXX.XXX
          - 2a01:4f8:X:X::add:XXXX
          - 2a01:4f8:X:X::add:XXXX
          - 2a01:4f8:X:X::add:XXXX
  bridges:
    vmbr0:
      addresses: [ X.X.X.X/28 ] #IP von der Bridge 
      parameters:
        stp: false
        forward-delay: 4



netplan apply 


apt install lxd


adduser nc
adduser lxd
adduser nc lxd

lxd init
# /media/data/serverconf/lxd.yaml


config: {}
networks: []
storage_pools:
- config:
    source: /dev/md2
  description: ""
  name: default
  driver: zfs
profiles:
- config: {}
  description: ""
  devices:
    eth0:
      name: eth0
      nictype: bridged
      parent: vmbr0
      type: nic
    root:
      path: /
      pool: default
      type: disk
  name: default
cluster: null

Befehle

lxc list
lxc profile list
lxc network list
lxc storage list
lxc image list images:
lxc image list images: |egrep focal| egrep amd64
lxc image list

Festplatten/Container Größe anzeigen

lxc storage list
lxc storage volume list default
lxc storage info default
zfs list
lxc info $containername
zfs list -t snapshot

Backup Script LXD Container mit Rsync

  • erstelle ein backup der mysql datenbanken der container
  • erstelle snapshot
  • rsync die container festplatten
#!/bin/bash
today=$(date "+%A")
month=$(date "+%B")
echo ""
echo $0 
date
echo 
backupPath='/media/ancdata/2024backup'
backupPathRsyncBackup='/media/ancdata/2024backup/rsyncOld'
mountPath='/media/snapshot'


for container  in `lxc ls -c ns --format=csv|grep RUNNING|cut -f1 -d,`; do
        echo ""
        echo "* backup $container"
        date
        echo "** DB"
        lxc exec $container -- /usr/bin/mysqldump --all-databases | gzip > $backupPath/backup.$container.sql.gz
        cp $backupPath/backup.$container.sql.gz $backupPath/backup.$container.$month.sql.gz
        mv $backupPath/backup.$container.sql.gz $backupPath/backup.$container.$today.sql.gz

        echo "** Container"


        lxc snapshot $container
        snapshotPath=$(zfs list -t snapshot | grep anc | tail -n 1 | awk '{print $1}')
        mkdir -p $mountPath
        mount -t zfs $snapshotPath $mountPath
        mkdir -p $backupPath/$container
        rsync -ahb --stats --delete --numeric-ids $mountPath/* $backupPath/$container/ --backup-dir=$backupPathRsyncBackup
        umount $mountPath
        rmdir $mountPath

done

echo ""
echo -- stop
date
echo ""

in den lxd container dateien oder verzeichnisse kopieren (anders geht nicht!!! Permission denied)

lxc file push -r dir  containername/var/www/
lxc file push file.txt  containername/var/www/
  • container spezifisches
* login
lxc exec containername -- su --login root
* mount
zfs mount default/containers/containername

Begrenzungen

lxc config set ancontainer  limits.cpu 0,3
lxc config set ancontainer limits.memory 1GB

# Überprüfen
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor
free -h

Container

Container Installation

lxc launch ubuntu:20.04 ubuntu2020
lxc list
lxc exec ubuntu2020 -- su --login root

Container Netzwerk

  • /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml mit nach folgendem ersetzen
network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      addresses:
        - 192.168.0.247/32
      routes:
        - to: 0.0.0.0/0
          via: 192.168.0.1
          on-link: true
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp-identifier: mac
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8]

exit
lxc stop ubuntu2020
lxc list
lxc start ubuntu2020

Migration lxc Container zu lxd Container

Migrations Skript

  • mit lsb_release -a kann mensch im original container noch mal schauen, was für ein betriebsystem überhaupt installiert ist


#!/bin/bash
if [ "$1" == "" ]; then
 echo Beispiel: $0 containername betriebsystem
 exit 1
fi

if ! [ -d "/var/lib/lxc/$1" ] ; then
        echo /var/lib/lxc/$1 existiert nicht!
        exit
fi

if [ "$2" == "" ]; then

 echo Beispiel: $0 containername betriebsystem
 echo lxc image list images:
 echo es wird ubuntu:20.04 genomme
        besys='ubuntu:20.04'
else
        besys=$2
fi

echo $0 $1 $besys

CONTAINER_NAME=$1
STORAGE_POOL=default
STORAGEPATH=/var/snap/lxd/common/lxd/storage-pools/${STORAGE_POOL}/containers/

lxc-stop -n ${CONTAINER_NAME}
lxc init $besys ${CONTAINER_NAME} -c security.privileged=true -c boot.autostart=true
#lxc stop ${CONTAINER_NAME}
#lxc config set ${CONTAINER_NAME} boot.autostart true
###
# zfs list
## Benutze NAME z.B default/containers/ncsync
zfs mount default/containers/${CONTAINER_NAME}
#verschiebt den orginalen rootfs
mv ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}/rootfs{,.org}
rsync -ah --stats --progress  --numeric-ids /var/lib/lxc/${CONTAINER_NAME}/rootfs ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}/
mv ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}/rootfs/dev{,.org}
rsync -ah --stats --progress  ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}/rootfs.org/dev ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}/rootfs/
rm -r ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}/rootfs.org
umount ${STORAGEPATH}${CONTAINER_NAME}
#sed -i 's|lxc.start.auto = .*|lxc.start.auto = 0|g' /var/lib/lxc/${CONTAINER_NAME}/config
lxc config set ${CONTAINER_NAME} volatile.eth0.hwaddr $(grep lxc.net.0.hwaddr /var/lib/lxc/${CONTAINER_NAME}/config | cut -d"=" -f2)
lxc config show ${CONTAINER_NAME}
#lxc-ls -n ${CONTAINER_NAME} -f
lxc start ${CONTAINER_NAME}

lxc stop ${CONTAINER_NAME}
lxc config set ${CONTAINER_NAME}  security.privileged false
lxc start ${CONTAINER_NAME}

lxc stop ${CONTAINER_NAME}
lxc config set ${CONTAINER_NAME}  security.privileged true
lxc start ${CONTAINER_NAME}

lxc stop ${CONTAINER_NAME}
lxc config set ${CONTAINER_NAME}  security.privileged false
lxc start ${CONTAINER_NAME}

lxc list

Weitergehende Möglichkeiten

lxd sql global "Select * FROM storage_pools"
lxd sql global "Select * FROM profiles_devices_config"
# Zum Beispiel könnten Storages so umbenannt werden (evtl keine gute Idee!!!! )
lxd sql global "UPDATE storage_pools SET name='newname' WHERE name='oldname';"
lxd sql global "UPDATE profiles_devices_config SET value='newname' WHERE value='oldname' AND key='pool';"


# Datenbank Tabellen und Inhalte 
lxd sql <local|global> [.dump|.schema]

lxd sql global  ".dump" >lxcinfo.txt
lxd sql global  ".schema" >lxcschema.txt

https://lxd.readthedocs.io/en/latest/database/

Probleme

  • irgendwie mit symlinks

Quellen


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